Shenhav · Annual review of neuroscience 2017 · narrative review · n=?

Toward a Rational and Mechanistic Account of Mental Effort.

Cited 1173 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review synthesizing theoretical and computational models without original human trial data.

PubMed 28375769 · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-072116-031526 · record verified 2026-08-28

What was done

This paper reviews advances in computational modeling and empirical literature concerning the mechanistic and psychological basis of mental effort, focusing on the source of cognitive control limitations, the perceived costliness of effort, and resource allocation strategies.

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical findings or quantitative statistics. It describes theoretical models and empirical evidence proposing that mental effort is aversive and limited by capacity constraints, with effort allocation operating via cost-benefit trade-offs at psychological and neural levels.

Why it matters

It offers a structured theoretical and computational framework to understand why mental exertion feels costly and how the brain allocates limited cognitive control resources.

Limits

The paper is a narrative theoretical review rather than a systematic review or empirical study, providing no primary human data, pooled effect sizes, or explicit search methodology.

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