Gardner · Journal of physical activity & health 2017 · prospective cohort study · n=327

Enjoyment and Behavioral Intention Predict Organized Youth Sport Participation and Dropout.

Cited 113 times in the scientific literature.

Level 3 - non-randomized controlled study

Prospective observational cohort follow-up study

PubMed 28682655 · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0572 · record verified 2026-08-29

What was done

A prospective cohort of 327 regular youth sport participants (mean age 13.01 years at baseline) completed questionnaires evaluating enjoyment, intentions to continue, and covariates (age, sex, competition level, perceived competence, parental support, coach-athlete relationship, friendship quality, and peer acceptance). Sport status was reassessed at 1-year follow-up, and hierarchical logistic regression was used to estimate predictors of dropout.

What was found

At 1 year, 247 individuals (75.5%) continued in their main sport and 26 individuals (8%) dropped out. Step 1 regression showed significant associations for age, parental support, coach-athlete relationship quality, and peer acceptance. In Step 2, both enjoyment and intentions to continue were inversely associated with dropout, while peer acceptance remained the only significant covariate. Numerical effect sizes (odds ratios, confidence intervals, p-values) were not reported in the abstract.

Why it matters

It prospective links intrinsic factors—specifically enjoyment and behavioral intentions—to sustained youth athletic participation, highlighting targets for dropout prevention.

Limits

The dropout group had very few events (n = 26) relative to the number of covariates analyzed. Approximately 16.5% of the baseline cohort was unaccounted for at follow-up, and specific effect sizes, confidence intervals, and sport types were omitted from the abstract.

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