Hirshkowitz · Sleep health 2015 · Expert consensus guideline · n=18 panelists

National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary.

Cited 4400 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Expert consensus guideline using formal consensus methodology (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method)

PubMed 29073412 · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010 · record verified 2026-08-28

What was done

The National Sleep Foundation convened an 18-member multidisciplinary expert panel representing 12 stakeholder organizations to update sleep duration recommendations across the lifespan. The panel evaluated the scientific literature and determined recommendations using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method.

What was found

The panel agreed that appropriate sleep duration is 14 to 17 hours for newborns, 12 to 15 hours for infants, 11 to 14 hours for toddlers, 10 to 13 hours for preschoolers, 9 to 11 hours for school-aged children, 8 to 10 hours for teenagers, 7 to 9 hours for young adults and adults, and 7 to 8 hours for older adults.

Why it matters

This paper establishes standardized, age-specific reference targets for daily sleep duration developed through structured expert consensus across multiple medical and scientific organizations.

Limits

The findings represent expert consensus rather than primary empirical data. The abstract does not report the number, design, or quality of the underlying studies evaluated. Recommendations apply only to healthy individuals and not to those with sleep disorders or other health conditions.

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