Jeong · Cranio : the journal of craniomandibular practice 2019 · cross-sectional study · n=345

The relationship between oral tori and bite force.

Cited 21 times in the scientific literature.

Level 4 - case-series / case-control

Cross-sectional observational study

PubMed 29327675 · doi:10.1080/08869634.2017.1418617 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Bite force was measured using a bite force recorder in 345 patients prior to orthodontic treatment. Plaster model impressions were taken to evaluate the shape and size of oral tori (torus palatinus and torus mandibularis), and their relationship with bite force was analyzed.

What was found

Torus mandibularis size increased significantly in proportion to bite force (p = 0.020). The size, shape, and incidence of torus palatinus were not significantly correlated with bite force. The occurrence of different types of oral tori also showed no significant correlation with bite force. Specific bite force measurements and torus dimensions were not provided in the abstract.

Why it matters

The findings indicate that mandibular torus size may serve as a clinical marker for elevated occlusal stress, whereas palatine tori do not show this relationship.

Limits

The study is cross-sectional and restricted to pre-orthodontic patients, limiting causal inference and generalizability. Key confounding variables (such as age, sex, clenching/bruxism, or facial morphology) and raw numerical values for bite force were not reported in the abstract.

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