A Review of Current Concepts of the Etiology and Treatment of Myopia.
Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data
Narrative review of etiology, risk factors, and treatment literature
PubMed 29901472 · doi:10.1097/ICL.0000000000000499
What was done
The authors reviewed literature on the etiology, epidemiology, and management of myopia, summarizing animal and human research on genetic and environmental contributors as well as meta-analyses of interventions including atropine, progressive addition spectacle lenses, orthokeratology, and multifocal contact lenses.
What was found
The abstract reports that myopia affects over 50% of the population in many industrialized countries, and axial elongation complications are the sixth leading cause of blindness. Risk is associated with parental myopia, educational attainment, and time spent on near work. The abstract provides no quantitative effect sizes or numerical outcomes for the reviewed treatments.
Why it matters
Progressive myopia is linked to vision-threatening conditions including macular degeneration, retinal detachment, glaucoma, and cataracts. Synthesizing risk factors and treatment strategies informs clinical efforts to mitigate progression.
Limits
The abstract does not specify systematic review methods, search dates, study inclusion criteria, sample sizes, or quantitative outcome measures for any of the interventions discussed.
Cited by
- supports Excessive close-distance viewing during development through the mid-20s alters eyeball shape and contributes to the development of myopia.