Gendron · Current directions in psychological science 2018 · narrative review · n=?

Universality Reconsidered: Diversity in Making Meaning of Facial Expressions.

Cited 209 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review and theoretical evaluation of prior field studies without primary data (by non-clinical design analogy).

PubMed 30166776 · doi:10.1177/0963721417746794 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

This paper evaluates the universality thesis of emotion perception by contrasting historical studies (1969–1975 in Pacific small-scale societies using confirmation-based methods) with newer studies conducted since 2008 across small-scale societies in Africa and South America using discovery-based research designs.

What was found

The abstract reports no quantitative values or statistical comparisons. It reports qualitatively that newer discovery-based research shows cultural diversity rather than cross-cultural uniformity in how facial movements are interpreted, supporting a perceiver-constructed model of emotion perception.

Why it matters

It challenges the long-standing assumption in psychology that discrete emotional expressions are universally recognized across all human cultures.

Limits

The abstract presents no primary empirical data, sample sizes, quantitative effect sizes, or formal systematic review methodology. Specific contextual and measurement limitations of the cited field studies are not detailed in the abstract.

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