Liu · Andrologia 2018 · narrative review · n=?

Viral threat to male fertility.

Cited 139 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review summarizing animal and human literature without systematic search methodology

PubMed 30569651 · doi:10.1111/and.13140 · record verified 2026-08-31

What was done

This narrative review synthesizes literature on viral tropism for the male reproductive system—especially the testes—and the resulting impacts on male fertility across humans and farm animals, discussing viruses such as Zika, mumps, HIV, and hepatitis B and C.

What was found

The abstract provides no quantitative data or effect sizes. It qualitatively reports that several virus families damage testicular function and impair fertility, referencing recent mouse model evidence for Zika virus alongside established human clinical associations for mumps and HIV.

Why it matters

It consolidates evidence that viral infections beyond traditional sexually transmitted diseases pose risks to testicular health and male reproductive capacity.

Limits

The abstract describes a non-systematic narrative review with no primary data, participant numbers, or pooled estimates. Key findings on Zika virus are derived from mouse models, which may not directly generalize to humans.

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