Desmedt · Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences 2019 · narrative review · n=?

Growth differentiation factor 15: A novel biomarker with high clinical potential.

Cited 105 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review of preclinical and clinical literature with no systematic review methodology.

PubMed 31076013 · doi:10.1080/10408363.2019.1615034 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Narrative review synthesizing preclinical and clinical literature on growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a transforming growth factor-β family member. The authors examine its biological roles in prenatal development, inflammation, metabolic regulation, and tissue repair, while focusing on clinical data evaluating circulating GDF-15 as a biomarker for cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, liver disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, sepsis, cancer, and all-cause mortality.

What was found

The abstract provides no numerical data, effect sizes, reference ranges, or diagnostic metrics. It reports qualitatively that serum GDF-15 acts as a hormone regulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, reflects a systemic stress response, and is predictive of all-cause mortality across multiple disease states.

Why it matters

GDF-15 serves as a multi-system biomarker reflecting integrated inflammatory, metabolic, and tissue-injury pathways across common chronic and acute diseases.

Limits

This is a narrative review that reports no systematic search strategy, study count, or pooled quantitative effect sizes in the abstract. Elevated GDF-15 occurs across numerous distinct organ pathologies, which limits its disease-specific diagnostic specificity when interpreted without broader clinical context.

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