Kral · Social cognitive and affective neuroscience 2019 · randomized controlled trial · n=140

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction-related changes in posterior cingulate resting brain connectivity.

Cited 109 times in the scientific literature.

Level 2 - randomized trial

Randomized controlled trial with active and waitlist control groups

PubMed 31269203 · doi:10.1093/scan/nsz050 · record verified 2026-08-30

What was done

Healthy, meditation-naïve adults were randomized into three arms: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR, n = 48), an active control group (n = 47), or a waitlist control group (n = 45). Participants underwent behavioral testing, resting-state fMRI, and diffusion tensor imaging at baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), and approximately 5.5 months later (T3) to assess changes in resting functional connectivity between the default mode network (posterior cingulate cortex [PCC]) and the frontoparietal executive control network (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [DLPFC]).

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical values, effect sizes, or p-values. MBSR participants demonstrated increased PCC-DLPFC resting functional connectivity from T1 to T2 relative to both control groups. This group-level increase did not persist at the 5.5-month follow-up (T3-T1). However, MBSR participants showed a significantly stronger positive relationship between total days of practice (T1 to T3) and increased PCC-DLPFC connectivity than active controls. Increased functional connectivity in MBSR participants was also associated with increased microstructural connectivity in the connecting white matter tract and increased self-reported attention.

Why it matters

This study provides randomized evidence that standard MBSR can induce functional and microstructural brain network plasticity in healthy adults, while showing that sustaining these neural changes over time may require ongoing meditation practice.

Limits

The abstract reports no numerical data, confidence intervals, or exact statistics. Group-level functional connectivity gains did not persist at the 5.5-month follow-up. The study was conducted exclusively in healthy, meditation-naïve adults, limiting generalizability to clinical populations, and behavioral attention was assessed via self-report rather than objective performance testing.

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