McEwen · Metabolism: clinical and experimental 2019 · narrative review · n=?

Epigenetic impact of the social and physical environment on brain and body.

Cited 30 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review and conceptual overview without primary experimental data or systematic review methodology

PubMed 31610853 · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2019.07.005 · record verified 2026-08-29

What was done

This paper presents a narrative overview and conceptual synthesis of how social and physical environments shape individual biology and behavior through epigenetic mechanisms, focusing on the two-way interaction between the brain, endocrine system, immune system mediators, and the autonomic nervous system.

What was found

The abstract reports no empirical data, sample sizes, or quantitative findings. It conceptually describes linkages between systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, mental health disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Why it matters

It argues for precision medicine frameworks to integrate environmental influences and brain-body biological crosstalk rather than treating systemic and neuropsychiatric conditions in separate silos.

Limits

The work is a non-systematic narrative perspective presenting no new empirical data, quantitative meta-analysis, or formal risk-of-bias evaluation of the underlying literature.

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