Are there differences in lifting technique between those with and without low back pain? A systematic review.
Level 4 - case-series / case-control
Systematic review of observational case-control and cross-sectional studies
PubMed 31730537 · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2019-0089
What was done
Authors conducted a systematic review across five databases and manual searches to evaluate differences in freestyle lifting technique (muscle activity and kinematics) between people with and without low back pain (LBP). Studies were appraised using the CASP tool for case-control studies.
What was found
Nine studies were included; heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. Eight of nine studies reported differences: people with LBP lifted more slowly (n = 6 studies), used their legs more than their back during initiation (n = 3 studies), and jerked less (n = 1 study). Four larger studies of more severe LBP also found reduced spinal range of motion and greater, longer-duration trunk muscle activity.
Why it matters
Protective, stiffer, leg-dominant lifting patterns mirror standard occupational lifting advice, suggesting this style reflects cautious movement in response to pain rather than necessarily preventing it.
Limits
All included studies were cross-sectional or case-control comparisons, preventing determination of causality. Meta-analysis was not possible due to heterogeneity, initial searches were performed by a single reviewer, and participant sample counts and quantitative effect sizes were not provided in the abstract.
Cited by
- context Research shows people who believe they need perfect form are more likely to experience pain and injury than those who view themselves as strong and resilient.