Clifford · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 2020 · systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials · n=18 trials (9 aerobic, 9 resistance)

The effects of vitamin C and E on exercise-induced physiological adaptations: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Cited 43 times in the scientific literature.

Level 1 - systematic review of randomized trials

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

PubMed 31851538 · doi:10.1080/10408398.2019.1703642 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials searched across Medline, Embase, and SPORTDiscus from inception to June 2019. Eligible studies enrolled adult humans consuming vitamin C and/or E alongside a supervised exercise training program lasting at least 4 weeks.

What was found

Nine trials were analyzed for aerobic adaptations and 9 for resistance training (RT) adaptations. Supplementation with vitamin C and/or E showed no statistically significant effect on: - VO2max improvements: SMD -0.14 (95% CI: -0.43 to 0.15, P = 0.35) - Endurance performance: SMD -0.01 (95% CI: -0.38 to 0.36, P = 0.97) - Lean mass post-RT: SMD -0.07 (95% CI: -0.36 to 0.23, P = 0.67) - Muscle strength post-RT: SMD -0.15 (95% CI: -0.16 to 0.46, P = 0.35) Age did not influence any of these outcomes (P > 0.05).

Why it matters

Contrary to mechanistic concerns that exogenous antioxidants suppress reactive oxygen species signaling needed for training adaptation, aggregated trial evidence indicates vitamin C and/or E supplementation does not meaningfully blunt functional or structural exercise gains.

Limits

The total number of participants and specific supplement dosing regimens were not reported in the abstract. Each sub-analysis relied on only 9 trials, and the authors noted that larger, adequately powered studies remain needed.

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