Gnoni · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 2020 · narrative review · n=?

Carnitine in Human Muscle Bioenergetics: Can Carnitine Supplementation Improve Physical Exercise?

Cited 117 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review without systematic search or meta-analysis

PubMed 31906370 · doi:10.3390/molecules25010182 · record verified 2026-08-30

What was done

This narrative review summarizes the biological role of L-carnitine in skeletal muscle bioenergetics and evaluates the conflicting literature regarding L-carnitine supplementation as an ergogenic aid for physical exercise.

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical findings or effect sizes. It notes that although free L-carnitine availability appears to limit mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation during high-intensity exercise, trials of L-carnitine supplementation show conflicting results driven by differences in exercise protocols, participant training status, dosing, administration route, and timing.

Why it matters

It outlines the metabolic rationale for L-carnitine supplementation while highlighting the lack of consensus on its practical efficacy for athletic performance.

Limits

As a narrative review, it introduces no primary data or systematic meta-analysis. Specific inclusion criteria, study quality assessments, and quantitative effect estimates across cited human trials are not provided in the abstract.

Cited by