Swift-Gallant · Hormones and behavior 2020 · narrative review · n=?

Through a glass, darkly: Human digit ratios reflect prenatal androgens, imperfectly.

Cited 84 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review synthesizing existing literature without systematic review methodology or primary data

PubMed 32014464 · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104686 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Narrative review examining evidence on whether right-hand second-to-fourth digit ratios (2D:4D) reflect prenatal androgen exposure, explain male-female differences, and differ by sexual orientation in women.

What was found

The abstract provides no quantitative values or effect sizes. It notes that right-hand 2D:4D is on average higher in women than in men, and that meta-analyses confirm lesbians have, on average, lower (more masculine) 2D:4D ratios than heterosexual women, supporting a role for prenatal androgens in female sexual orientation at a group level.

Why it matters

It highlights prenatal androgen exposure as a developmental factor in adult sexual attraction while establishing that 2D:4D is an imperfect proxy that cannot be used to determine an individual's sexual orientation.

Limits

This is a narrative review providing no primary data or specific statistical figures in the abstract. 2D:4D is an indirect proxy for fetal hormone exposure, and substantial within-group variability precludes individual-level predictive validity.

Cited by