The Effects of Cruciferous Vegetable-Enriched Diets on Drug Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Dietary Intervention Trials in Humans.
Level 1 - systematic review of randomized trials
Systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary intervention trials
PubMed 32086800 · doi:10.1002/cpt.1811
What was done
The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of human dietary intervention trials identified across Embase, Medline, and CENTRAL. They evaluated the effects of cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, radish, and watercress, on phase I and II drug-metabolizing enzymes across 23 identified intervention trials.
What was found
Meta-analyses demonstrated a significant induction of metabolic enzymes following cruciferous vegetable intake, increasing cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 20% to 40% and glutathione S-transferase-alpha (GST-alpha) activity by 15% to 35%.
Why it matters
Regular or variable consumption of cruciferous vegetables can alter drug exposure profiles for patients taking substrates of CYP1A2 or GST-alpha, demonstrating a clinically relevant mechanism for diet-drug interactions.
Limits
The abstract does not state the total participant count, confidence intervals, exact p-values, or baseline population characteristics. The included studies varied in the specific vegetables consumed, intervention durations, and phenotyping metrics employed, and clinical outcomes on substrate efficacy or toxicity were not directly reported.
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