Female ejaculation: An update on anatomy, history, and controversies.
Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data
Narrative literature review of historical, anatomical, and physiological publications
PubMed 32681804 · doi:10.1002/ca.23654
What was done
Literature review examining 44 publications published between 1889 and 2019 covering the history, anatomical origin, chemical composition, and proposed physiological roles of female ejaculation.
What was found
The abstract reports qualitative findings across 44 publications without numeric values. Anatomical studies identify the paraurethral (Skene's) glands as the source of the ejaculate. Chemically, the fluid differs from urine in creatinine and urea concentrations, contains prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and may possess antibacterial properties that protect the urethra.
Why it matters
Synthesizes over a century of anatomical and physiological research to support female ejaculation as a distinct biological phenomenon originating from Skene's glands rather than urinary leakage.
Limits
The review is narrative rather than systematic, leaving selection criteria unspecified. No quantitative concentrations for creatinine, urea, or PSA are reported in the abstract, and the exact biological function of the fluid remains debated without consensus.
Cited by
- supports Skene's glands are the embryological and anatomical homologue of the male prostate.
- supports Skene's glands emit prostate-specific antigen (PSA).