Mindfulness induction and cognition: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Level 1 - systematic review of randomized trials
Systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental trials
PubMed 32739799 · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2020.102991
What was done
A preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO-CRD42018100320) evaluated the effects of brief mindful attention induction on cognitive performance. Searches across PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science through August 1, 2018, yielded 34 included studies. Outcomes were classified into four domains: attentional functioning, memory, executive functioning, and higher-order function.
What was found
Across all cognitive domains, a small overall effect was found (Hedges' g = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.29). Domain-specific analyses showed a statistically significant effect only for higher-order cognitive functions (k = 10, Hedges' g = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.20 to 0.50). No significant effects were observed for attentional functioning, memory, or executive functioning. No publication bias was detected.
Why it matters
This review clarifies that brief mindfulness inductions do not universally boost all cognitive processes, but rather selectively enhance performance in complex, higher-order cognitive tasks.
Limits
The primary studies were reported to have substantial methodological flaws. The abstract does not specify participant characteristics, total participant sample size, specific induction techniques, or control conditions.
Cited by
- partial Thousands of peer-reviewed studies show that mindfulness meditation improves focus, mood, and stress and anxiety management.