Kalemaj · The Angle orthodontist 2021 · prospective observational study · n=50

Quantitative evaluation of implemented interproximal enamel reduction during aligner therapy.

Cited 34 times in the scientific literature.

Level 3 - non-randomized controlled study

Prospective observational cohort study evaluating clinical measurements across multiple operators

PubMed 33339043 · doi:10.2319/040920-272.1 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Fifty patients treated with aligner therapy by six orthodontists were prospectively evaluated. Impressions were taken at treatment start and after the first set of aligners. Programmed interproximal reduction (p-IPR) was compared with implemented interproximal reduction (i-IPR) across 464 teeth using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Kruskal-Wallis, and multilevel mixed regression to identify technical factors influencing accuracy.

What was found

Implemented IPR was significantly less than programmed IPR, with a mean difference of 0.15 mm (SD: 0.14 mm; P = .0001). Lower canines showed the largest discrepancy, and mesial surfaces were reduced more accurately than distal surfaces. Discrepancies were smaller when using burs (coeff.: 0.09, P = .029) and measuring gauges (coeff.: -0.06, P = .013). Performing round tripping prior to IPR slightly improved precision compared to previous alignment (coeff.: -0.021, P = .041).

Why it matters

Orthodontists systematically under-perform planned enamel reduction during aligner therapy, which can compromise planned tooth movement. Using burs, thickness gauges, and pre-reduction alignment significantly improves reduction precision.

Limits

The study is observational without randomized comparison of stripping methods or tools. Details regarding patient age, malocclusion severity, and the specific aligner system used are not reported in the abstract.

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