Diet and PPARG2 Pro12Ala Polymorphism Interactions in Relation to Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review.
Level 3 - non-randomized controlled study
Systematic review of observational (cohort/case-control) studies
PubMed 33477496 · doi:10.3390/nu13010261
What was done
Authors systematically searched PubMed through December 2020 for observational studies examining interactions between dietary factors (foods or nutrients) and the PPARG2 Pro12Ala polymorphism (rs1801282; C common, G minor allele) in relation to incident cancer risk.
What was found
Nine articles encompassing 18,268 participants and 4,780 cancer cases (colorectal, prostate, and breast) met inclusion criteria. CG/GG allele carriers showed greater cancer risk modulation by diet than CC carriers: high intake of protective factors (e.g., carotenoids, prudent dietary patterns) was associated with lower cancer risk, whereas high intake of risk factors (e.g., alcohol, refined grains) was associated with higher cancer risk. Dietary fats impacted CG/GG and CC carriers similarly. The abstract reported no specific numerical risk estimates or confidence intervals.
Why it matters
These findings suggest that PPARG2 genotype may modify how dietary exposures influence cancer risk, highlighting potential mechanisms for personalized nutritional risk assessment.
Limits
The evidence base is limited to nine observational studies across three different cancer types, preventing site-specific conclusions or causal inference. The search was restricted to a single database (PubMed), and no quantitative meta-analytic effect sizes or confidence intervals were provided in the abstract.
Cited by
- supports Carriers of a PPARG2 variant allele have a 20% increased risk of breast cancer for every 10 grams of daily alcohol consumed.