Roschel · Nutrients 2021 · narrative review · n=?

Creatine Supplementation and Brain Health.

Cited 165 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review without systematic search methodology or meta-analytic data.

PubMed 33578876 · doi:10.3390/nu13020586 · record verified 2026-08-27

What was done

This short narrative review summarized human literature regarding the effects of creatine supplementation on brain health, including cognitive processing, brain function, and recovery from neurological trauma.

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical data, sample sizes, or effect sizes. It qualitatively concludes that creatine supplementation shows potential to improve cognitive processing, particularly in states of brain creatine deficit induced by acute stressors (such as exercise and sleep deprivation) or chronic pathological conditions (such as enzyme deficiencies, mild traumatic brain injury, aging, Alzheimer's disease, and depression).

Why it matters

It emphasizes the emerging therapeutic and cognitive potential of creatine beyond skeletal muscle, identifying brain energetics as an active area of nutritional neuroscience.

Limits

The abstract describes a non-systematic narrative review without quantitative synthesis. Optimal supplementation protocols required to reliably increase brain creatine levels are still unknown, and studies concurrently measuring brain creatine content and cognitive outcomes remain scarce.

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