Spiliopoulou · Sports (Basel, Switzerland) 2021 · narrative review · n=?

Exercise-Induced Changes in Tumor Growth via Tumor Immunity.

Cited 30 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review primarily synthesizing preclinical animal mechanisms with no systematic methodology or human trial data.

PubMed 33808154 · doi:10.3390/sports9040046 · record verified 2026-08-29

What was done

This short narrative review summarized preclinical research examining the effects of acute and chronic physical exercise on systemic immune cell mobilization, intra-tumoral immune infiltration, and tumor growth.

What was found

The abstract reports no quantitative metrics or effect sizes. It qualitatively reports that exercise in rodent models modulates the tumor infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and regulatory T lymphocytes, which correlates with tumor suppression.

Why it matters

It outlines biological mechanisms through which exercise may enhance anti-tumor immune activity, supporting the rationale for testing exercise as an adjunct to cancer immunotherapies.

Limits

The findings are derived predominantly from preclinical rodent models and lack direct clinical validation in human tumors. The abstract provides no quantitative data, specifies no optimal exercise parameters (mode, frequency, intensity, duration), and does not follow a systematic review design.

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