Williams · The American journal of psychology 1988 · controlled laboratory experiment · n=?

Tunnel vision or general interference? Cognitive load and attentional bias are both important.

Cited 98 times in the scientific literature.

Level 3 - non-randomized controlled study

Level 3 by design analogy (controlled laboratory experiment in cognitive psychology).

PubMed 3389419 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Human subjects identified single letters presented in the near periphery at visual angles of 2.2 degrees, 3.3 degrees, or 4.4 degrees while simultaneously performing a foveal visual task within the same display. The study evaluated how varying foveal processing load, attentional allocation instructions, and speed stress influenced peripheral letter identification accuracy.

What was found

The abstract provides no numerical data, confidence intervals, or test statistics. It reports that simultaneous foveal processing impaired peripheral letter accuracy, and that a specific combination of high foveal cognitive load, focused attention instructions, and speed stress induced tunnel vision rather than general performance interference.

Why it matters

It demonstrates that visual field narrowing (tunnel vision) is not an automatic consequence of foveal processing alone, but requires specific interactions between high cognitive load, attentional bias, and time pressure.

Limits

The abstract omits sample size, participant demographics, and all quantitative metrics. Laboratory letter-identification tasks on static displays may not fully capture dynamic real-world visual search and dual-task performance.

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