Bauer · Journal of endocrinological investigation 2021 · narrative review · n=?

Role of thyroid hormone therapy in depressive disorders.

Cited 70 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative literature review without systematic review or meta-analysis methodology.

PubMed 34129186 · doi:10.1007/s40618-021-01600-w · record verified 2026-08-28

What was done

The authors conducted a literature search to review evidence on the use of thyroid hormones, specifically triiodothyronine (LT3) and levothyroxine (LT4), as add-on treatments alongside psychotropic medications in patients with unipolar and bipolar depressive disorders.

What was found

No numerical values, effect estimates, or sample sizes were reported in the abstract. The authors report that LT3 appears to accelerate and augment antidepressant response in refractory depression, while supraphysiologic doses of LT4 show efficacy in open-label and placebo-controlled studies for rapid-cycling and prophylaxis-resistant bipolar disorder, as well as acute refractory depression. Functional PET imaging studies noted that supraphysiologic LT4 modulated cerebral activity in the anterior limbic network.

Why it matters

It outlines adjunctive thyroid hormone therapy as a potential pharmacological option for patients with treatment-resistant unipolar and bipolar depression.

Limits

As a narrative review, the synthesis lacks systematic search criteria, quality appraisal of included studies, and quantitative data. The abstract provides no specific patient counts, effect sizes, statistical measures, or data regarding the safety and adverse effects of supraphysiologic thyroid hormone administration.

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