Schlag · Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) 2022 · narrative review · n=?

Adverse effects of psychedelics: From anecdotes and misinformation to systematic science.

Cited 328 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review synthesizing existing literature without systematic review methodology

PubMed 35107059 · doi:10.1177/02698811211069100 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

This narrative review synthesized existing evidence on the potential medical and psychological harms of classic psychedelics. The authors evaluated adverse outcomes including toxicity, overdose risk, abuse liability, and psychiatric risks to differentiate scientifically supported adverse effects from anecdotal reports and misinformation.

What was found

The abstract reports no quantitative data or specific numerical risk estimates. The authors concluded qualitatively that medical risks are typically minimal and that many common negative perceptions regarding psychological risks lack empirical support, noting that the majority of reported adverse effects are rarely observed in regulated medical settings.

Why it matters

As clinical interest in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy expands, distinguishing evidence-based risks from historical stigma helps guide clinical trial safety protocols and regulatory policy.

Limits

The paper is a non-systematic narrative review providing no quantitative meta-analytic estimates, search criteria, study counts, or risk stratification for specific clinical populations or unsupervised recreational contexts.

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