Vaccine-associated enhanced disease in humans and animal models: Lessons and challenges for vaccine development.
Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data
Narrative review summarizing mechanistic and historical literature without systematic review methodology.
PubMed 36033843 · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.932408
What was done
The authors reviewed historical and preclinical literature on vaccine-associated enhanced disease (VAED) reported or suspected across multiple viruses in humans and animal models (including RSV, measles, dengue, HIV-1, SIV, FIV, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2). The review examined proposed immunological mechanisms, including antibody-dependent enhancement, complement-dependent enhancement, and cell-dependent enhancement, to discuss implications for vaccine safety assessment and design.
What was found
The abstract presents no numerical data or statistical findings. It outlines the qualitative mechanisms associated with VAED (antibody-, complement-, and cell-mediated enhancement) across various pathogens and notes that initial concerns regarding VAED in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were mitigated by accumulating clinical and epidemiological evidence.
Why it matters
Understanding the immunological mechanisms that drive enhanced disease upon post-vaccination infection is critical for defining preclinical models and designing safer immunization platforms for novel pathogens.
Limits
As a narrative review, it lacks systematic search protocols, quality appraisal of included studies, and quantitative synthesis. The abstract provides no primary data, effect sizes, or incidence estimates for VAED across the discussed viral targets.
Cited by
- supports Vaccine candidates developed for SARS-CoV-1 in 2002-2003 caused antibody-dependent enhancement in some animal studies.