Pappas · Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology 2023 · descriptive surveillance review · n=310000 food samples

Pesticide data program: 30 years of food residue data and trends.

Cited 23 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review and descriptive overview of a surveillance program, graded by design analogy.

PubMed 36310320 · doi:10.1038/s41370-022-00482-1 · record verified 2026-08-27

What was done

Review and descriptive summary of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Pesticide Data Program (PDP) covering its 30-year history from 1991 to 2021. The program evaluated nearly 310,000 food samples across 126 commodities, generating over 42 million pesticide-commodity data points. The authors reviewed program infrastructure, sampling methodologies, milestones, and longitudinal residue trends, focusing on comparative data for four commodities monitored since the program's early years.

What was found

The program accumulated more than 42 million data points from nearly 310,000 food samples across 126 commodities over three decades. Historical comparisons of four early commodities demonstrated that pesticide residue profiles changed over time, particularly following the registration of new pesticides. Specific residue concentrations, detection frequencies, and quantitative effect sizes are not reported in the abstract.

Why it matters

It documents the operational scope of one of the largest food residue surveillance programs globally, underscoring how shifting agricultural chemical registrations alter food residue profiles and necessitate continuous surveillance for dietary risk assessment.

Limits

The abstract provides a narrative overview without specific residue concentrations, statistical trend estimates, or margin-of-exposure metrics. It assesses agricultural commodity residues rather than direct human biomonitoring, actual dietary intake, or toxicological health outcomes.

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