Anttila · Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 2023 · randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial · n=11

Direct intramyocardial injection of VEGF mRNA in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Cited 98 times in the scientific literature.

Level 2 - randomized trial

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

PubMed 36528793 · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.11.017 · record verified 2026-08-31

What was done

In the randomized, double-blind EPICCURE trial, 11 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 30%–50% undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were randomized to receive 30 direct epicardial injections of naked VEGF-A mRNA (AZD8601, 3 mg total; n=7) or placebo (citrate-buffered saline; n=4). Injections were targeted to ischemic but viable myocardium mapped using quantitative [15O]-water positron emission tomography, with follow-up through 6 months.

What was found

Over 6 months, no deaths, treatment-related serious adverse events, infections, immune reactions, or arrhythmias were observed in the AZD8601 group. The abstract notes exploratory indications of potential improvement in LVEF, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores, and NT-proBNP levels, but reports no specific numerical effect sizes, confidence intervals, or p-values.

Why it matters

This represents the first clinical test of direct, unencapsulated naked mRNA delivery to human myocardium, establishing initial procedural safety and feasibility for cardiac gene therapy.

Limits

The sample size is very small (n=11 total, 7 active vs. 4 control), precluding any statistically meaningful assessment of efficacy. The abstract reports no quantitative values for any of the exploratory functional or biomarker outcomes, and follow-up was limited to 6 months in a select surgical population.

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