Morris · The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 2023 · narrative review and legal analysis · n=?

Mental Health and Legal Implications of Access to the Outdoors during Incarceration.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review and legal commentary with no original empirical data

PubMed 36627150 · doi:10.29158/JAAPL.220061-22 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

The authors examined U.S. correctional policies, mental health literature, and legal case law concerning access to outdoor recreation for incarcerated individuals in jails and prisons.

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical or quantitative findings. The authors observed that U.S. court decisions regarding rights to outdoor access vary widely, resulting in disparate institutional practices (for example, in California, pretrial detainees may be denied outdoor access for years, whereas convicted individuals on death row typically receive weekly outdoor time).

Why it matters

This review highlights how structural correctional policies and fragmented legal precedents affect environmental determinants of mental health among incarcerated populations.

Limits

The paper is a non-systematic narrative and legal review. The abstract provides no primary empirical data, sample size, or quantitative risk estimates.

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