Molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise and dietary interventions in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.
Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data
Narrative review focusing on molecular mechanisms and preclinical models without systematic search methodology.
PubMed 36729582 · doi:10.2459/JCM.0000000000001397
What was done
The authors synthesized literature examining the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which physical exercise and dietary restriction regimens (such as calorie restriction and intermittent fasting) counter cardiometabolic disease models (diabetes, obesity). They reviewed preclinical mechanistic findings in cardiac and vascular tissues alongside translational gaps identified in clinical studies.
What was found
The abstract provides no quantitative data or specific numerical effect sizes. It qualitatively reports that exercise and dietary restriction rescue mitochondrial dysfunction, decrease oxidative stress, lower inflammation, and enhance autophagy in the heart and vasculature, leading to improved cardiovascular function under metabolic stress.
Why it matters
Understanding the molecular pathways modulated by non-pharmacological interventions helps clarify how diet and physical activity preserve cardiovascular health and informs strategies to bridge translational gaps between animal models and human cardiometabolic therapies.
Limits
This is a narrative review presenting no new empirical data or systematic search methodology. Quantitative findings and study counts are omitted from the abstract, and the described mechanisms rely heavily on preclinical models with acknowledged limitations in translational applicability to humans.
Cited by
- supports Time-restricted eating, calorie restriction, and exercise all increase cellular autophagy.