Renke · Nutrients 2023 · narrative review · n=?

Effects of Vitamin D on Cardiovascular Risk and Oxidative Stress.

Cited 129 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review summarizing mechanisms and associations without systematic review methodology or primary data

PubMed 36771474 · doi:10.3390/nu15030769 · record verified 2026-08-29

What was done

This narrative review examined literature on the biological mechanisms, observational associations, and clinical context linking vitamin D metabolism to cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and oxidative stress.

What was found

The abstract provides no numerical data, effect sizes, or participant numbers. It describes mechanistic pathways through which 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcitriol downregulate renin expression, suppress renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity, lower parathyroid hormone and aldosterone levels, and reduce systemic inflammatory mediators. It notes that optimal supplementation doses and sex-specific cardiovascular endpoints are not yet established.

Why it matters

It outlines endocrine and anti-inflammatory pathways that may explain observed associations between vitamin D deficiency and cardiometabolic disorders.

Limits

As a narrative review, it presents no primary data, quantitative synthesis, or systematic search strategy. Biological plausibility and observational links described do not establish causal clinical efficacy or optimal dosing.

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