Zhao · The Science of the total environment 2023 · cross-sectional tissue and fluid sampling study · n=36

Detection and characterization of microplastics in the human testis and semen.

Cited 476 times in the scientific literature.

Level 4 - case-series / case-control

Cross-sectional tissue and fluid case series without a comparator group

PubMed 36948312 · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162713 · record verified 2026-08-29

What was done

Human testis (n = 6) and semen (n = 30) samples were collected to detect and characterize microplastics. Particles were analyzed using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and laser direct infrared spectroscopy (LD-IR) to quantify abundance, polymer types, shapes, and sizes.

What was found

Microplastics were detected in both sample types: - Abundance: Average concentration was 11.60 ± 15.52 particles/g in testis and 0.23 ± 0.45 particles/mL in semen. - Composition: Polystyrene (PS) comprised 67.7% of microplastics in the testis, while polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were predominant in semen. - Morphology: Fragments were the main shape in testis, whereas fragments, fibers, and films were detected in semen. - Size: Particle sizes ranged from 21.76 μm to 286.71 μm, with most measuring 20–100 μm (80.6% in testis, 67% in semen).

Why it matters

This study provides preliminary empirical evidence that microplastics can be detected in human testicular tissue and seminal fluid.

Limits

The sample size is very small, particularly for testis specimens (n = 6). The abstract lacks details on donor clinical characteristics, exposure histories, control comparisons, and does not assess any clinical reproductive health or fertility outcomes.

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