Smith · Scientific reports 2023 · 3D morphometric and landmark-based anatomical shape analysis · n=?

First evidence of the link between internal and external structure of the human inner ear otolith system using 3D morphometric modeling.

Cited 20 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Anatomical/morphological bench study (CEBM Level 5 / basic morphological modeling)

PubMed 36964237 · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-31235-1 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Researchers used spherical harmonic modeling and landmark-based 3D shape analysis to test whether the external bony anatomy of the human inner ear peripheral vestibular system covaries with its internal membranous otolith organs (utricle and saccule). They also constructed a 3D morphometric model to visualize the relationship between bony and membranous structures.

What was found

The authors report significant structural associations between the bony and membranous tissues of the human otolith system. The abstract reports no numerical values, effect sizes, exact sample sizes, or p-values.

Why it matters

Reconstructions of human vestibular evolution and biomechanics often rely solely on fossilized bony labyrinths. Demonstrating a direct link between bony morphology and internal membranous anatomy provides structural justification for inferring soft-tissue anatomy from bony remains.

Limits

The abstract does not disclose sample size (n), specimen demographics, imaging modalities, or exact quantitative effect sizes. Functional balance outcomes and biomechanics were not directly measured.

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