Schneider · The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2023 · prospective longitudinal cohort study · n=112

Neuroanatomical Disposition, Natural Development, and Training-Induced Plasticity of the Human Auditory System from Childhood to Adulthood: A 12-Year Study in Musicians and Nonmusicians.

Cited 31 times in the scientific literature.

Level 3 - non-randomized controlled study

Prospective longitudinal cohort study across 12 years

PubMed 37604688 · doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0274-23.2023 · record verified 2026-08-29

What was done

The AMseL longitudinal study followed 112 typically developing participants (51 male, 61 female; 66 musicians and 46 nonmusicians) across five measurement timepoints over 12 years from primary school age to late adolescence. The study combined structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetoencephalography (MEG) tracking auditory evoked P1-N1-P2 complex responses, and behavioral auditory tests evaluating elementary perception (frequency, tone duration, onset ramp) and pattern recognition (rhythm, subjective pitch).

What was found

The abstract reports directional findings without specific numerical values, test statistics, or effect sizes: - Auditory cortex morphology differed substantially between musicians and nonmusicians from the earliest measured ages. - Maturation led to continuous increases in white matter myelination and systematic P1-N1-P2 changes (decreasing latencies, hemisphere synchronization, and amplitude changes) across both groups. - Musicians exhibited functional neuroplasticity, specifically more synchronized P1 responses and bilaterally larger P2 amplitudes. - Musical training was associated with positive influences on elementary auditory perception and pattern recognition.

Why it matters

This 12-year longitudinal follow-up helps untangle baseline neuroanatomical predispositions ("nature") from training-induced functional plasticity ("nurture") across human auditory system development.

Limits

The abstract provides no numerical data, effect sizes, or confidence intervals. The cohort was non-randomized, allowing potential self-selection bias and unmeasured confounding. Retention rates across all five timepoints and specific training intensity/compliance metrics are not detailed in the abstract.

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