Billis · Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) 2023 · case report · n=1

Hard Flaccid Syndrome: A Biopsychosocial Management Approach with Emphasis on Pain Management, Exercise Therapy and Education.

Cited 5 times in the scientific literature.

Level 4 - case-series / case-control

Individual case report

PubMed 37893867 · doi:10.3390/healthcare11202793 · record verified 2026-08-27

What was done

This case report describes the clinical evaluation and biopsychosocial management of a single young male diagnosed with hard flaccid syndrome (HFS). The multimodal intervention incorporated pain management, therapeutic exercise approaches (including pelvic floor exercise re-education), graded exposure to activity, and lifestyle and stress-related education.

What was found

The abstract reports that the patient benefited from the biopsychosocial management strategy. No numerical scores, specific outcome measurements, or follow-up intervals are reported in the abstract.

Why it matters

Hard flaccid syndrome is poorly understood with scarce treatment guidance. This report describes a non-invasive physical therapy and lifestyle management framework for addressing the pelvic pain and psychosocial distress associated with HFS.

Limits

Findings are based on a single patient (n = 1) without a control comparator, precluding causal inference or generalization. The abstract provides no objective quantitative metrics or long-term outcome data.

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