Wick · Sleep 2024 · Repeated-measures cohort study · n=75

The first-night effect of sleep occurs over nonconsecutive nights in unfamiliar and familiar environments.

Cited 19 times in the scientific literature.

Level 3 - non-randomized controlled study

Non-randomized repeated-measures cohort study

PubMed 39126649 · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsae179 · record verified 2026-08-28

What was done

Polysomnography was used to assess sleep architecture and the first-night effect (FNE) over nonconsecutive nights and across different environments. In Study 1, 45 healthy participants spent two nights separated by one week in a sleep laboratory. In Study 2, 30 participants spent two nonconsecutive nights in the sleep laboratory and two nights at home. Measured outcomes included wake after sleep onset, sleep onset latency, total sleep time, and interhemispheric asymmetry during slow-wave sleep.

What was found

The abstract reports no exact numerical values or effect sizes. FNE-related sleep disruptions occurred across nonconsecutive nights, specifically altering wake after sleep onset, sleep onset latency, and total sleep time. These first-night disruptions occurred in both unfamiliar laboratory and familiar home environments. Slow-wave sleep hemispheric asymmetry did not correlate with the magnitude of the FNE and instead tended to fluctuate across multiple nights.

Why it matters

These findings validate the common research practice of scheduling adaptation nights nonconsecutively before experimental test nights to mitigate the first-night effect, while demonstrating that first-night disruption is not solely driven by an unfamiliar environment.

Limits

The abstract provides qualitative directions without point estimates, variance, or p-values. The combined sample size is modest (n = 75 across two sub-studies) and restricted to healthy individuals, limiting direct generalization to clinical sleep populations.

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