Polysaccharide NAP-3 Synergistically Enhances the Efficiency of Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes via Bile Acid/GLP-1 Axis through Gut Microbiota Remodeling.
Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data
Preclinical animal (mouse) study
PubMed 39262139 · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06030
What was done
Type 2 diabetic mice were treated with the edible mushroom polysaccharide NAP-3 in combination with metformin to investigate effects on lipid and glucose metabolism, gut microbiota composition, bile salt hydrolase activity, bile acid synthesis enzymes (CYP27A1 and CYP7B1), ileal conjugated bile acids (TβMCA, TUDCA), FXR and TGR5 signaling, and GLP-1 secretion.
What was found
No numerical values or effect sizes were reported in the abstract. Qualitatively, NAP-3 enhanced the efficacy of metformin in lipid and glucose metabolism in a gut microbiome-dependent manner, decreased bile salt hydrolase activity, upregulated CYP27A1 and CYP7B1, increased ileal accumulation of conjugated bile acids (TβMCA and TUDCA), modulated FXR and TGR5 receptors, and stimulated GLP-1 release in diabetic mice.
Why it matters
This study proposes a mechanistic pathway (gut microbiota remodeling and the bile acid/GLP-1 axis) through which mushroom polysaccharides might act as an oral adjuvant to metformin.
Limits
The study was conducted entirely in mice, limiting direct clinical applicability to humans. The abstract does not report animal sample sizes, treatment duration, specific dosages, or quantitative outcome data.
Cited by
- supports TUDCA indirectly increases endogenous GLP-1 production.