Khare · Advances in therapy 2025 · retrospective cohort study · n=606,424

Dosing Patterns of Dulaglutide and Semaglutide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in France and Italy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Cited 3 times in the scientific literature.

Level 3 - non-randomized controlled study

Non-randomized retrospective cohort study using administrative prescription data

PubMed 39487881 · doi:10.1007/s12325-024-03002-9 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

This retrospective cohort study analyzed prescription data from the IQVIA Longitudinal Prescription Data to evaluate real-world dosing and titration patterns of dulaglutide, subcutaneous semaglutide, and oral semaglutide for type 2 diabetes mellitus in France and Italy. Adults prescribed these GLP-1 receptor agonists between August 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022, were categorized into incident (cohort 1) and prevalent (cohort 2) users and followed for 12 months.

What was found

The study identified 255,571 patients in France and 350,853 in Italy. For dulaglutide, 62% of treatment-naïve patients in France and 49% in Italy initiated at 1.5 mg, and most remained on 1.5 mg at 12 months (France: 66% cohort 1, 88% cohort 2; Italy: 73% cohort 1, 87% cohort 2). For subcutaneous semaglutide, incident users mostly initiated at 0.25 mg (78% France, 61% Italy); at 12 months, 1.0 mg was the most prescribed dose in France (58% cohort 1, 75% cohort 2) and Italy cohort 2 (59%), while Italian cohort 1 patients were mostly on 0.5 mg (57%). For oral semaglutide in Italy, most initiated at 3.0 mg (78% cohort 1, 68% cohort 2), titrating by 12 months predominantly to 7.0 mg in cohort 1 (62%) and 14.0 mg in cohort 2 (48%).

Why it matters

These findings show real-world utilization and dose escalation trajectories of GLP-1 receptor agonists across two major European countries, highlighting how routine clinical maintenance doses often diverge between incident and prevalent cohorts or between countries.

Limits

The abstract reports only prescription records without clinical outcomes (such as HbA1c control or weight change), safety events, adherence, or reasons for non-escalation. Data for oral semaglutide in France were not reported in the abstract.

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