Gholami · Experimental gerontology 2025 · systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials · n=35 studies

Exercise training alters resting brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration in older adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.

Cited 25 times in the scientific literature.

Level 1 - systematic review of randomized trials

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 randomized controlled trials

PubMed 39674562 · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2024.112658 · record verified 2026-08-30

What was done

Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis (CRD42024499195) of database searches across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to evaluate the effects of exercise training lasting at least 4 weeks on resting brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in older adults. Thirty-five randomized controlled trials were included.

What was found

Exercise training significantly increased resting BDNF levels (SMD = 0.56, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.85), with increases observed in both plasma (SMD = 0.63) and serum (SMD = 0.54). By modality, BDNF increased with resistance training (SMD = 0.76), combined exercise (SMD = 0.55), and aerobic exercise (SMD = 0.48). The largest effect sizes were observed with 12-week durations (SMD = 0.65), moderate-to-vigorous intensity (SMD = 0.83), vigorous intensity (SMD = 0.71), and a training frequency of 3 to 4 sessions per week (SMD = 0.78).

Why it matters

This review aggregates randomized trial data showing that structured exercise reliably increases circulating basal BDNF in older adults, with resistance exercise and higher intensities producing the strongest peripheral responses.

Limits

The total participant count, participant health or cognitive status, risk of bias assessments, and statistical heterogeneity metrics are not reported in the abstract. Peripheral BDNF was measured, but direct relationships to central neuroplasticity or clinical cognitive outcomes were not assessed.

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