Macrophage- and pluripotent-like reparative Muse cells are unique endogenous stem cells distinct from other somatic stem cells.
Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data
Narrative review of biological mechanisms and previously conducted clinical trials without systematic review methodology.
PubMed 40213632 · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2025.1553382
What was done
Narrative review describing the biological characteristics, differentiation mechanisms, homing pathways, and clinical trial applications of multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells, identified by the SSEA-3 surface marker.
What was found
The abstract reports no quantitative clinical outcome numbers, confidence intervals, or statistical comparisons. It describes that donor Muse cells administered intravenously at approximately 1.5 × 10^7 cells without HLA matching or immunosuppressive therapy showed safety and therapeutic efficacy across trials for acute myocardial infarction, subacute ischemic stroke, epidermolysis bullosa, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury, neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and COVID-19 ARDS.
Why it matters
Highlights the proposed biological distinction of Muse cells from conventional mesenchymal stem cells, focusing on non-immunogenic allogeneic administration and tissue-specific reparative phagocytosis.
Limits
As a narrative review, the paper does not systematically evaluate trial designs, control groups, participant numbers, or adverse event frequencies. All findings are descriptive summaries without primary data or risk-of-bias assessments.
Cited by
- supports Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells have low immunogenicity and low tumorigenicity compared to other stem cells.