Association between vitamin D, vitamin D supplementation and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Level 1 - systematic review of randomized trials
Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies and trials
PubMed 40308226 · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1560616
What was done
A systematic review and meta-analysis of PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library records from inception to December 22, 2024. The authors evaluated associations between serum vitamin D levels, vitamin D supplementation, and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) incidence and recurrence across 60 included studies comprising 16,368 participants.
What was found
Serum vitamin D levels were lower in BPPV patients compared to controls (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -2.84, 95% CI -4.53 to -1.15) and lower in recurrent vs non-recurrent cases (WMD = -5.01, 95% CI -6.94 to -3.08). Comparing cupulolithiasis and canalolithiasis groups showed a WMD of 5.09 (95% CI 2.05 to 8.12). Multivariable-adjusted relative risk was RR = 1.36 (95% CI 1.31 to 1.41) for incidence and RR = 0.95 (95% CI 0.91 to 0.99) for recurrence. Vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced BPPV recurrence compared to no supplementation (RR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.55).
Why it matters
This review links vitamin D insufficiency to both BPPV occurrence and relapse, and suggests that vitamin D supplementation may reduce the risk of recurrent episodes by over 50%.
Limits
The abstract pools observational and interventional designs without reporting study quality, risk of bias, or statistical heterogeneity. Specific supplementation doses, baseline deficiency thresholds, follow-up durations, and concurrent treatments (such as calcium or repositioning maneuvers) are not detailed.
Cited by
- partial Vitamin D, vitamin K2, and magnesium help alleviate vertigo by managing calcium crystal accumulation in the inner ear.