The role of anti-Müllerian hormone: insights into ovarian reserve, primary ovarian insufficiency, and menopause prediction.
Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data
Narrative review without systematic search or meta-analytic methodology
PubMed 40410629 · doi:10.1007/s12020-025-04265-0
What was done
This narrative review synthesized literature evaluating Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) as a clinical marker for ovarian reserve, primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) diagnosis, age at menopause prediction, and ovarian status in conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis.
What was found
AMH levels below 8 pmol/L demonstrated 85% sensitivity and 100% specificity for diagnosing POI in women with secondary oligomenorrhea. AMH declines steadily with age and correlates with vasomotor symptom severity, but its reliability for predicting exact menopausal onset is limited. In PCOS, elevated AMH was associated with delayed menopause by approximately two years (mean age 51.4 years versus 49.7 years in controls). In endometriosis, AMH levels decline following surgery but remain stable after chemotherapy.
Why it matters
AMH is clinically useful for identifying primary ovarian insufficiency and tracking overall ovarian aging, but isolated measurements cannot reliably pinpoint the exact onset of menopause.
Limits
This is a narrative review with no search strategy, study count, or formal risk-of-bias evaluation reported in the abstract. AMH has limited sensitivity and specificity for predicting exact menopausal timing, particularly in younger women, and interpretation is confounded by conditions such as PCOS or surgical interventions.
Cited by
- supports Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels reflect a woman's remaining ovarian follicle reserve.