Zhang · BMC medical imaging 2025 · Cross-sectional observational study · n=436

Sex differences and age-related changes of large-scale brain networks.

Cited 9 times in the scientific literature.

Level 4 - case-series / case-control

Cross-sectional observational neuroimaging study in healthy adults.

PubMed 40619358 · doi:10.1186/s12880-025-01811-0 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Resting-state functional MRI data from 436 healthy adults were analyzed using independent component analysis to identify large-scale brain networks. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to evaluate sex differences in inter-network functional connectivity (FC), voxel-level analysis was conducted for intra-network FC differences, and Pearson correlations were used to evaluate associations between age and connectivity measures.

What was found

The abstract reports directional findings without numerical effect sizes, test statistics, or p-values: - Males showed stronger inter-network FC across multiple networks compared to females. - Females demonstrated stronger intra-network FC in the sensorimotor, salience, auditory, and executive control networks. - Males demonstrated stronger intra-network FC only in specific regions of the posterior default mode and left frontoparietal networks. - Age-related declines in inter-network FC were more pronounced in females, whereas males showed relatively stable inter-network FC across the lifespan. - Intra-network FC generally decreased with age in both sexes, except for the ventral attention network in females and the dorsal sensorimotor network in males.

Why it matters

This work outlines distinct organizational profiles in resting-state functional connectivity between sexes and indicates that age-related network remodeling differs between males and females.

Limits

The abstract provides no numerical data, effect sizes, confidence intervals, or p-values. The cross-sectional design cannot directly establish within-individual longitudinal aging trajectories. Detailed demographic variables, such as age distribution or hormonal status, and neuroimaging motion-correction specifics are not reported in the abstract.

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