Microbiome-mediated crosstalk between T2DM and MASLD: a translational review focused on function.
Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data
Narrative review synthesizing mechanistic pathways and translational targets without systematic review methodology.
PubMed 41334445 · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1677175
What was done
This translational review synthesized literature on the gut-liver-pancreas axis linking type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). It examined the role of specific microbial functional outputs—including short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, lipopolysaccharide, branched-chain amino acid catabolites, trimethylamine N-oxide, and endogenous ethanol—acting on receptors such as FXR, TGR5, and FGF19/15. The authors evaluated therapeutic modalities (diet, live biotherapeutics, postbiotics, bile acid drugs, fecal microbiota transplantation, and bariatric surgery) and translational biomarker opportunities.
What was found
The abstract provides a qualitative mechanistic framework and translational appraisal; no quantitative findings, statistical estimates, or primary numerical data are reported.
Why it matters
It shifts the focus from taxonomic gut microbiome composition to functional metabolic outputs that concurrently influence insulin resistance, steatosis, and hepatic inflammation, helping guide prospective dual-endpoint trial designs.
Limits
As a narrative review, it presents no original empirical data, quantitative synthesis, or systematic search methodology. Proposed biomarker panels and therapeutic approaches remain theoretical frameworks requiring validation in prospective clinical trials.
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