Vitamins and oral mucosal diseases: From bench to the bedside.
Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data
Narrative review describing mechanisms and clinical associations without new empirical human data or systematic synthesis.
PubMed 41692086 · doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2026.02.013
What was done
This narrative review synthesized mechanistic insights, clinical manifestations, diagnostic considerations, and potential therapeutic roles of vitamin supplementation (vitamins A, B complex, C, D, E, and K) in oral mucosal and periodontal pathology based on the literature.
What was found
No quantitative findings, sample sizes, or effect sizes were reported in the abstract. Vitamin B complex deficiencies were linked to glossitis, angular cheilitis, and recurrent aphthous stomatitis; vitamin C deficiency to scurvy-related periodontal disease; vitamin A insufficiency to dry mouth, Candida susceptibility, and oral epithelial keratinization abnormalities; vitamin D deficiency to periodontal disease, reduced oral immunity, and oral neoplasia; and vitamin K deficiency to gingival hemorrhage. Vitamin E deficiency was reported not to induce oral disease.
Why it matters
It provides clinicians with a diagnostic overview connecting oral mucosal and periodontal signs to specific systemic vitamin deficiencies.
Limits
As a narrative review, it lacks a systematic search methodology, formal risk-of-bias assessment, or pooled meta-analytic data. The abstract provides no primary human patient data, diagnostic test accuracy metrics, or quantitative treatment outcomes.
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