Preserving brain health in aging: structural and biochemical benefits of water based resistance training, a randomized controlled trial.
Level 2 - randomized trial
Individual randomized controlled trial
PubMed 41975304 · doi:10.1186/s12877-026-07413-x
What was done
Twenty-four older women (mean age 66) were randomized into either a 12-week supervised water-based resistance training group (WBRT, three sessions per week, n = 12) or a control group (n = 12). Brain structural changes were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Blood samples were collected to measure mitochondrial-related growth factors and neurotrophins (Humanin, FGF21, GDF-15, BDNF, IGF-1), oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase), and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-10).
What was found
The abstract reports p-values without absolute numerical values or effect sizes. Compared with controls, the WBRT group demonstrated significant increases (all p < 0.05) in gray matter, subcortical gray matter, cerebellar gray matter volume, and cerebrum white matter. Biochemical testing showed significant increases (p < 0.05) in BDNF, IGF-1, FGF21, GDF-15, glutathione peroxidase, and IL-10, alongside significant decreases (p < 0.05) in malondialdehyde and TNF-alpha in the WBRT group compared to control.
Why it matters
Water-based resistance training may provide a low-impact exercise option to support brain macrostructure and improve circulating neurotrophic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory markers in aging populations.
Limits
The sample size is very small (n = 24 total, 12 per group), increasing the risk of false-positive or inflated findings. The trial included only older women, limiting generalizability to men or broader age ranges. The abstract does not report exact numerical values, effect sizes, confidence intervals, or whether the structural brain changes translated to functional cognitive improvements.
Cited by
- supports Resistance training increases IGF-1, which is critical for the development and maintenance of white matter structure in the brain across the lifespan.