Optimizing exercise modalities to enhance brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in older adults: a Bayesian network and dose-response meta-analysis.
Level 1 - systematic review of randomized trials
Systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
PubMed 42528705 · doi:10.3389/fphys.2026.1777058
What was done
A multilevel Bayesian network and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (searched through April 2025 across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) evaluated the comparative effects of exercise modalities, doses, and intensities on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in older adults.
What was found
Across 47 RCTs with 1,815 participants, aquatic exercise had the highest point estimate (SMD = 1.00), followed by mind-body exercise (SMD = 0.61) and mixed exercise (SMD = 0.30). Aerobic, resistance, and combined aerobic-resistance exercises also improved BDNF levels. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) was uncertain in primary analysis. Dose-response relationships were non-linear, and advanced age diminished intervention effectiveness.
Why it matters
This review provides comparative rankings and dose-response characteristics across diverse exercise regimens to guide physical activity interventions aimed at mitigating age-related neurotrophic decline.
Limits
Aquatic exercise and HIIT estimates were based on sparse evidence and remain preliminary. The abstract omits confidence/credible intervals, specific baseline cognitive or physical status of participants, BDNF assay types (serum vs. plasma), and clinical cognitive outcomes.
Cited by
- supports Exercise has been shown to increase BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) levels and improve cognition.