Money · Psychoneuroendocrinology 1984 · cross-sectional comparative study · n=57

Adult erotosexual status and fetal hormonal masculinization and demasculinization: 46,XX congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia and 46,XY androgen-insensitivity syndrome compared.

Cited 231 times in the scientific literature.

Level 4 - case-series / case-control

Cross-sectional comparative study with clinical control groups

PubMed 6514935 · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(84)90048-9 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Researchers compared adult erotosexual orientation in 30 young women with treated 46,XX congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia (CVAH) against a clinical control group of 27 women (15 with 46,XY androgen-insensitivity syndrome and 12 with Rokitansky syndrome).

What was found

In the CVAH group, 11 of 30 women (37%) rated themselves as bisexual or homosexual. In the combined control group, 2 of 27 women (7%) rated themselves as bisexual (chi-square p < 0.01). The abstract also notes historical reference data from Kinsey's 1953 sample (15% experiencing homoerotic arousal imagery by age 20, 10% with partner contact).

Why it matters

This study provides clinical evidence supporting the hypothesis that prenatal or early neonatal androgen exposure influences adult sexual orientation in human females.

Limits

The sample size is small (n = 57 total). The control group comprises two distinct clinical conditions rather than healthy population controls, and specific measurement instruments, potential confounding variables, and treatment details are not described in the abstract.

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