Dirkin · Perceptual and motor skills 1983 · controlled laboratory experiment · n=?

Cognitive tunneling: use of visual information under stress.

Cited 53 times in the scientific literature.

Level 3 - non-randomized controlled study

Experimental laboratory study using a factorial design with repeated measures (by non-clinical design analogy, Oxford CEBM Level 3).

PubMed 6844068 · doi:10.2466/pms.1983.56.1.191 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

High school volunteers completed a peripheral visual discrimination task measuring choice reaction time across two stress conditions: performing alone (low stress) or in the presence of an evaluative audience (high stress). A 2 x 3 order of presentation by practice design with repeated measures on practice was used, and pulse rate served as a manipulation check for arousal to test Easterbrook's cue utilization hypothesis.

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical data, baseline pulse rates, reaction times, or effect sizes. It notes that findings partially supported the hypothesis, showing that participants could attend to a peripherally located primary visual task under stress without a performance decrement.

Why it matters

This study provides experimental evidence distinguishing cognitive or attentional tunneling under social-evaluative stress from strict anatomical visual narrowing.

Limits

The abstract omits sample size, demographic breakdown beyond high school age, specific reaction time values, and statistical effect sizes. The stress induction was limited to social-evaluative threat, which may not generalize to physical or high-stakes operational stressors.

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