Wedekind · Proceedings. Biological sciences 1995 · Experimental olfactory preference study · n=?

MHC-dependent mate preferences in humans.

Cited 965 times in the scientific literature.

Level 3 - non-randomized controlled study

Graded by design analogy; non-clinical controlled laboratory experiment evaluating human olfactory preferences.

PubMed 7630893 · doi:10.1098/rspb.1995.0087 · record verified 2026-08-30

What was done

Male and female students were typed for HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DR alleles. Male students wore a T-shirt for two consecutive nights. Female students subsequently smelled and rated the odors of six T-shirts for pleasantness, evaluated according to MHC concordance and oral contraceptive use.

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical values, effect sizes, or statistical metrics. It reports directionally that women scored male body odors as more pleasant when the men differed from them in MHC than when they were similar, that this preference was reversed in women taking oral contraceptives, and that odors from MHC-dissimilar men more often reminded women of their actual or former mates.

Why it matters

This study provides experimental evidence that human body odor preferences are linked to MHC genotype diversity and may be modulated by female hormonal status.

Limits

Sample size (n) is not reported in the abstract. No quantitative values, variance metrics, or p-values are provided. The study measures subjective odor ratings under laboratory conditions rather than real-world pairing outcomes, and controls for diet, hygiene, and menstrual cycle phase are not specified in the abstract.

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