Dougherty · Developmental psychology 1997 · prospective longitudinal cohort study · n=?

Infant expectations and reaction time as predictors of childhood speed of processing and IQ.

Cited 92 times in the scientific literature.

Level 3 - non-randomized controlled study

Prospective longitudinal cohort study assessing infant predictors at 3.5 months and outcomes at 4 years.

PubMed 9050399 · doi:10.1037//0012-1649.33.1.146 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

In a prospective longitudinal cohort study, measures of visual anticipation and visual reaction time (RT) were assessed at 3.5 months and 4 years of age. At age 4, manual RT, verbal IQ, performance IQ, and the effect of cognitive load (eye movement initiation with or without a manual choice button press) were also evaluated.

What was found

The abstract provides directional associations without reporting sample size, correlation coefficients, or numerical values. Infant visual RT correlated reliably with childhood visual RT, and infant performance correlated significantly with childhood IQ. Concurrent childhood performance also correlated with childhood IQ. Children were slower to initiate eye movements when a manual choice button press was required, and this load effect decreased as IQ increased. Visual RT and manual RT in childhood were only marginally correlated.

Why it matters

This study provides evidence that early information processing speed and anticipation measured in the first half-year of life demonstrate developmental stability and predict IQ at age 4.

Limits

The abstract provides no sample size, effect sizes, p-values, or confidence intervals. Crucial potential confounders, such as socioeconomic status, parental IQ, and environmental stimulation, are not addressed in the abstract.

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